Military hardware
China Coast Guard Ships
Additional Information
This is new for November 2021. It is an introductory overview of the various ships that make up the People's Armed Police Chinese Coast Guard. Book includes open source specifications, including MMSI, IMO and Call Sign of these ships. Using these numbers you can find out where a ship is right now. If the ship is moving, you can even find out the speed and destination as well as where it just came from. Table of Contents lists ships by class and also in numeric order.
Hull Classes covered in book:
ZHAOTOU Class
SHUOSHI II Class
KANJIE Class
ZHAOLAI Class
ZHAODUAN Class
SHUCHA I Class
SHUCHA II Class
ZHAOCHANG Class
TUZHONG Class
ZHAOYU Class
HAIYANG Class
ZHAOJUN Class
JIANGWEI I Class
SHUWU Class
ZHAOTIM Class
SHUSHENG Class
ZHAOGAO Class
TYPE 92211 Class
HAIXUN II Class
SHUKE I Class
SHUKE II Class
SHUKE III Class
SHUYOU Class
ZHAODAI Class
ZHAOMING Class
HUTAO I Class
YOUDIAN Class
HAIJING WAGOR Class
HULAI II Class
ICEBREAKERS
HONGMING II WPC Class
HONGSHOU WPC Class
SHAOKAO WPB Class
ZHONGKE WPG Class
ZHONGYU WPS Class
SHUZAO II/III WPG Class
TYPE 618B-II WPG Class
ZHONGMEL WPG Class
China's National Defense in the New Era
English Translation
In today’s world, mankind is increasingly becoming a community with a shared future where interests are intertwined and security and safety are shared. Today, China is at a critical stage of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and embarking on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.In order to declare China’s defensive national defense policy in the new era, introduce China’s practice, purpose and significance of building and consolidating national defense and a strong military, and enhance the international community’s understanding of China’s national defense, the Chinese government published the white paper “China's National Defense in the New Era.”
This white paper was released in 2019 and includes China’s announced defense spending up to 2018. China would have you believe the announced military budget for 2017 increased by 7 percent, to 1.044 trillion yuan ($151.43 billion), about one-quarter of the proposed U.S. defense spending for the year. However, that budget omits some significant cost items (described below). According to several sources, China’s publicly released military budget does not adequately reveal the enormous increase in spending in recent years of military-related items. For example, China’s 2022 military budget actually increased dramatically to $711 billion (estimated) —more than triple China’s claimed $229 billion and nearly equal with the U.S. military budget for that year. This is significant since the U.S. defense budget is based on world-wide military responsibilities. China’s defense budget is geared towards their local geographic area of responsibility.
In years past, China released top line amounts for their budgets without details or explanation about what is included other than listing three broad categories: equipment, training and maintenance, and personnel. According to Pentagon reports, China’s announced defense budget “omits several major categories of expenditures and its actual military-related spending is significantly higher.” The omissions include uncounted paramilitary organizations such as the People’s Armed Police (PAP), a paramilitary organization tasked with internal state security. The PAP augments the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in any military conflict. Another omission is China’s Coast Guard (a 150 ship navy) which operates in tandem with the PLA Navy. The budget also omits China’s space forces, military satellites and growing counter-space capabilities. In addition, many military functions are funded through civilian budgets such as military demobilization, retirement, pensions, military construction, arms imports, military research and development (R&D) programs, and dual-use technology investments. Civilian budgets also cover the cost of the People’s Armed Forces Maritime Militia (PAFMM), which can quickly mobilize if the need arises. All that said, the information presented in the White Paper needs to be examined carefully to separate fact from fiction.
China Intelligence Agencies
Additional Information
This is a new book for 2021. It is an introductory overview of the various intelligence agencies in Communist China, including facilities, (general) locations, collection platforms (land, sea, air, space, cyber, and locations of SIGINT sites including the following:
SIGINT Sites
Changi
Chengdu
Dingyuanchen
Guangzhou
Hainan Island
Nanjing
Shanghai
Shenyang
Coco Islands, Myanmar
Sittwe, Myanmar
Zedetkyi Kyun, Myanmar
Sop Hao, Laos
Cuarteron Reef (Huayang Jiao, 华阳礁)
Fiery Cross Reef (Yongshu Jiao, 永暑礁)
Gaven Reefs (Nanxun Jiao, 南薰礁)
Johnson Reef (Chiguo Jiao, 赤瓜礁)
Johnson Reef (Chiguo Jiao, 赤瓜礁)
Hughes Reef (Dongmen Jiao, 东门礁)
Mischief Reef (Meiji Jiao, 美济礁)
Subi Reef (Zhubi Jiao, 渚碧礁)
Paracel Islands
Woody Island, (Yongxing Dao, 永興島)
Support Base in Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti
Canton Island, Kiribati
Possible Atlantic Navy Base Locations
Possession Island (Namibia)
Anaburu, Guinea-Bissau
China's Seven Islands in the South China Sea
Additional Information
1. Subi Reef (Zhubi Jiao, 渚碧礁) 1
2. Cuarteron Reef (Huayang Jiao, 华阳礁)
3. Gaven Reefs (Nanxun Jiao, 南薰礁)
4. Johnson Reef (Chiguo Jiao, 赤瓜礁)
5. Hughes Reef (Dongmen Jiao, 东门礁)
6. Mischief Reef (Meiji Jiao, 美济礁)
7. Fiery Cross Reef (Yongshu Jiao, 永暑礁)
China’s large-scale land reclamation has complex legal implications. In July 2016, a specially
constituted arbitral tribunal ruled that three of the seven features China occupies (Dongmen Jiao, Meiji Jiao, and Zhubi Jiao) were naturally above water only at low tide, and the other four (Chiguo Jiao, Yongshu Jiao, Nanxun Jiao, and Huayang Jiao) were mere “rocks” not entitled to significant maritime rights. Under the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, those three low-tide elevations do not generate entitlements to a territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, or continental shelf. There is an exception for cases like Zhubi Jiao and Dongmen Jiao where a low-tide elevation is located within a different feature’s territorial waters. Unlike full islands, China’s four rock features only generate rights to a territorial sea because they “cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own.” Importantly, human construction cannot upgrade the legal status of land features and their attendant entitlements to maritime rights. Wholly artificial islands like Meiji Jiao are only entitled to a 500-meter “safety zone.
New for 2021
Additional Information
This is probably the toughest book I’ve attempted. Partly due to the lack of open-source
information available and partly because of the Covid-19 lockdown. Anyway, I decided to go
ahead and publish what I have since there are so few books on the subject out there. This is just
the start as there are a lot of vehicles out there and I plan to add the ones I missed. Please let me know which I missed and I will add them. Note that the pictures on the cover are a graphical Table of Contents. The page number is written before the vehicle name. Also, I hate to see blank pages, so I placed the cover page for a few suggested titles you may be interested in looking at. If you have ideas for future titles, let me know and I will see how much info is out there and try and publish suggested titles. Thank you for your continued support. 4th Watch publishing is a SDVOSB.
ARMORED CARS AND MRAPS (Mine Resistant, Ambush Protected)
CSK-131 4x4 Tactical Vehicle
CSK-141 6x6 Tactical Vehicle
CSK-141 UAV Swarm Launcher
CSK-141 Electronic Warfare Variants
EQ2101 6x6 EW Mobile Command Post
EQ2101 6x6 Automated Jamming Station
CSK-181 Tactical Vehicle
CSK-181 Multiple Rocket Launcher
CSK-181 122 mm Self-Propelled Howitzer
CTL181/CTL181A Light Protected Truck
CSZ181 Protected Box Truck
YJ2080 Protected Assault Vehicle
MK-BLA-01 UAV Carrier/Launcher Vehicle
CS/VP3 MRAP
CS/VN3C 4x4 Light Armored Car
MV3 MRAP Armored Personnel Carrier
VP11 MRAP
CS/VP14 MRAP
VP-21 MRAP
Heavy Tactical Armored Truck Personnel Carrier
VP22 MRAP
ZIL Karatel (‘Punisher’)
CSK-002 Airborne Assault Vehicle (AAV)
FL2000 Anti-Aircraft Variant
EQ2050 Electronic Warfare Variant
LS-II Anti-Aircraft Variant
EQ2063 Long Head Van
EQ2063B Short Head Pickup Truck 6
INFANTRY FIGHTING VEHICLES
8x8 Armed Fighting Vehicle (AFV)
Type 07 Infantry Fighting Vehicle (“ZBD09”)
Armored Command Vehicle
Type 08 Modular Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Armored Personal Carrier (“ZSL-08”)
Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle
Self-Propelled Gun-Mortar (“PLL-05”)
Modular Self-propelled Howitzer System (“PLL-09”) 3
Anti-Air Reconnaissance Vehicle
Assault Gun (“ZTL-11”)
Communication Vehicle
Hazardous Environment Reconnaissance Vehicle
Armored Ambulance
Armored Cargo Vehicle
Mobile Bridge Builder
Electronic Warfare Vehicle
Assault Breacher (“GSL 09”)
Armored Recovery Vehicle (“ZJV-09”)
Engineering Vehicle
Armored Rescue Vehicle (“VS27”)
Reconnaissance Vehicle (“VE32A”)
Reconnaissance Vehicle (“VE36”)
Air Defense Vehicle (“CS/SA5”)
Infantry Fighting Vehicle (“CS/AA5”)
Type 05 Amphibious Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Amphibious Assault Vehicle (“ZTD-05”)
Amphibious Infantry Fighting Vehicle (“ZBD-05”)
Amphibious Armored Command Vehicle
Amphibious Armored Recovery Vehicle
Type 04 Amphibious Infantry Fighting Vehicle (“ZBD-04A”)
Anti-Tank Missile Carrier (“ZBD-04”) HJ-8
Amphibious IFV (“ZBD-04A or ZBD-08”)
Anti-Tank Missile Carrier (“AFT-10”) HJ-10 0
Armored Command Vehicle
Combat Reconnaissance Vehicle 0
Armored Recovery Vehicle
Type 03 Airborne Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Airborne Combat Vehicle (“ZLC 2000”)
Airborne IFV (“ZBD-03”)
Armored Command Post
ATGM Carrier HJ-10
Recovery Vehicle
YW 307 Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Type 86G Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Armored Command Post
Armored Ambulance (“WZ-505”) 4
Armored Personnel Carrier
Battlefield Surveillance Vehicle
NBC Reconnaissance Vehicle
Self-Propelled Gun-Mortar (“WZ-502”)
Type 86A Infantry Fighting Vehicle (“Type 86Gai”)
Type 86B (Naval)
Type 86G Infantry Fighting Vehicle
Type 86-I Infantry Fighting Vehicle
ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIERS
ZFB-05 Light-Weight APC
Type 92 Light-Weight APC (“ZSL92”)
Armored Ambulance
Anti-Tank Guided Missile
Anti-Tank Vehicle (“BK-1990”)
Anti-Tank Vehicle (“PTL02”)
Armored Recovery Vehicle
WZ 531 with turret removed with crane on rear and telescopic jib.
Assaulter 105-mm Tank Destroyer
Type 92 (“DK-9”)
Cargo Carrier
120-mm Mortar Vehicle (“PLL-05”)
Reconnaissance Vehicle
Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Vehicle . 51
Self-Propelled Howitzer 1
Type 92A/WZ 551A
Type 92B (4 X 4)
Type 86
BK-1970
VL1
Yitian Air Defense System
WZ-523 Light-Weight APC
Type 89 Tracked APC (“ZSD-89”)
Type 89 Armored Command Vehicle 4
Infantry Fighting Vehicle (“ZSD-89-II”)
Tracked Armored Ambulance (“WZ-89”)
Refueling Vehicle
Tank Destroyer (“PTZ-89”) NO LONGER IN SERVICE
Recovery Vehicle (“ZJX-93”)
Supply Vehicle (“ZHB-94”)
Reconnaissance Vehicle (“ZZC-01”)
Reconnaissance Radar Carrier (“ZZC-02”)
Tank Destroyer (“ZDF-1”)
Multiple Launch Rocket System (“PHZ-89”)
Mine-Laying Vehicle (“GBL-89”)
Type 77 Tracked Amphibious APC
The Type 77 (“WZ511”)
Type 77-1 (“WZ511-1”)
Type 63 Tracked APC
Armored Ambulance (“YW 750”)
Armored Command Vehicle (“YW 701/B”)
Armored Anti-Tank Missile Carrier
82 mm Mortar Carrier (“YW 304”)
120 mm Mortar Carrier (“YW 381”)
Armored Psychological Warfare Vehicle
Type 63-1 Self-Propelled Howitzer (“YW70-1”)
Type 63-2 APC
Type 63-2 Command Vehicle (“WZ 701”) 9
Type 63C (“YW 531C”)
Type 701 APC
Type 63D (“YW 531D”)
Type 63E (“YW 531E”)
Type 54-1
Type 70 Rocket Launcher
Type 85 (“YW 531H “)
CHINA ELECTRONIC WARFARE WEAPONS/ RUMINT
Additional Information
This short book presents examples China’s land-based and airborne platforms with electronic warfare (EW) capabilities. Unfortunately, most of the EW equipment-specific specifications aremissing. There is very little open source information available such as the specifications or even the intended use of most of the PLA’s EW weapons. I did not include ship-based EW hardware because there is almost nothing out there in open source to write about. That said, some idea of a platform’s EW capability can be gleaned by a close examination of the weapons on parade and static display at trade shows. If you have information, please send it to us for inclusion by visiting our website: USGOVPUB.COM. We will update the book as we find out more. Check the date on the book. PRINTED IN COLOR
I began this book thinking EW was just another military asset with a secondary role in the prosecution of war. EW has become much, much more than that. The development of military “intelligentization”1 (军事智能化) by the People’s Liberation Army and integration of cyber,psychological warfare, artificial intelligence, robotics, ELINT, MASINT and COMINT makes EW a very potent weapon – perhaps the most important weapon the PLA will have in the future. How these various technological pieces fit together to affect the battlespace in military (and non-military domains) is something we are only beginning to understand from watching recent events in the Ukraine, Syria, and other conflicts.
Intelligentized war depends on the integrity of the information and the use of communication systems while employing suppressive jamming and firepower simultaneously. Multi-million-dollar high-tech weapons can potentially be pushed to the sidelines by relatively low-cost electronic warfare weapons. EW is an area the military cannot relegate to a minor role. Left unchecked, EWs’ disruptive influence could help determine the outcome of future wars.
In the People’s Liberation Army, “The SSF Network Systems Department is responsible for information warfare with a mission set that includes cyberwarfare, technical reconnaissance, electronic warfare, and psychological warfare,”.
LAND-BASED EW VEHICLES
Type 08 Electronic Warfare APC
ZBL-09 “Snow Leopard” EW APC
EQ2050 4x4 SIGINT and EW Station
EQ2050 4x4 EW Jammer Vehicle
EQ2101 6x6 Automated Jamming Station
EQ2101 6x6 EW Mobile Command Post
SX2190 EW Reconnaissance Vehicle
SX2190 6x6 Ground-To-Air Electronic Protection
TAS5501 10x10 EW Truck
Shaanxi SX2190 6x6 EW Truck
UAV Swarm Launch Vehicle
EW SIGINT and Drone Jammer Station
Over-The-Horizon Backscatter Radar at Mischief Reef (Meiji Jiao 美济礁)
AIRBORNE EW PLATFORMS
AVIC AG600 Amphibious Aircraft (Kun Dragon)
ASN-207 MAME EW, ECM UAV
BZK-005 “Giant Eagle” MALE/HALE ELINT
H-6G Bomber with ECM Pods
J-16D Radar-Jamming Electronic Warfare Aircraft (Red Eagle)
J-17 Carrier-Based EW (Electric Shark)
JH-7 EW Noise Jammer “Flying Leopard”
KJ-600 Airborne Early Warning and Control Aircraft
KJ-2000 AWACS Aircraft (Mainring)
NUAA RKL 165 UAV
Y-8 EW VARIANTS
Y-8CA ECM
Y-8CB ELINT/ECM
Y-8DZ ELINT
Y-8G ECM
Y-8GX3 Jammer
Y-8GX4 ELINT
Y-8GX5 AWACS
Y-8GX6 Maritime Patrol Aircraft
Y-8GX7 PSYOPS
Y-8GX-8 ELINT
Y-8GX-9 AWACS
Y-8GX-10 AEW
Y-8GX-11 ELINT
Y-8J ELINT AWACS
Y-8JB ELINT
Y-8T C3I/ECM Cub/High New 4
Y-8W AWACS High New 5
Y-8Q ASW Cub/High New 6
Y-9JZ High New 8
Y-8X Maritime Patrol Aircraft
Y-8 AWACS
Y-8 AWACS
Y-8EW
Y-8 Gunship
ZDK-03 AWACS9
ZDK-06
TO518 AWACS
Y-9 EW Variants
Y-9JB ELINT
Y-9XZ PSYOPS
Y-9W / KJ-500 AWACS
Y-9G ECM
Y-9JZ ELINT High New 8
WZ-7 (Soar Dragon) HALE Reconnaissance UCAV
China UAV, UCAV, Suicide Drones & Spaceplanes
Additional Information
Book consists of color photographs and drawings as well as (open source) specifications for major Chinese Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV), Suicide Drones and Spaceplanes currently in use or under development by the People's Liberation Army. The PLA has fielded a range of UAVs across all five services, the PLA Army (PLAA), Navy (PLAN), Air Force (PLAAF), Rocket Force (PLARF/former Second Artillery Force); as well as the Strategic Support Force (PLASSF). A review of open sources revealed over 1,600
different UAVs of all type. Can’t do them all and unfortunately, some programs are so secret,
there are no photos available. I’ve managed to cull this list to only those vehicles I believe are of
some military significance, either because they can carry a substantial payload or are
technologically advanced (such as mature artificial intelligence or autonomous swarm
capability). That rules out blimps, most helicopters, and most Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAV).
I focused mainly on UCAVs specifically designed for reconnaissance and strike (察打一体).
Some of the vehicles listed:
Shenlong Reusable Robotic VTHL Spaceplane “Divine Dragon”
Tengyun Reusable Robotic TSTO, HTHL “Cloud Climber”
Aotian-1 SECRET Spaceplane Concept
iSpace Suborbital TSTO, VTHL Spaceplane
Qinlong Suborbital TSTO, VTHL Spaceplane
Tianxing-1 Suborbital SSTO, VTHL Spaceplane
Tianxing-2 Suborbital VTHL Spaceplane
Tianxing-3 Suborbital TSTO, VTHL Spaceplane
Tianxing-4 Suborbital Spaceplane
CASC CH-7 “Rainbow-7” Stealth UCAV (X-47B Clone)
Aisheng ASN-9 UAV
Aisheng ASN-15 Reconnaissance UAV
Aisheng ASN-104 Reconnaissance UAV
Aisheng ASN-105 Reconnaissance UAV
Aisheng ASN-106 High Speed Target UAV
Aisheng ASN-206/207 Reconnaissance UAV
Aisheng ASN-209 “Silver Eagle” Multi-Purpose UCAV
Aisheng ASN-211 UAV
Aisheng ASN-212 Border Patrol UAV
Aisheng ASN-213 MAV
Aisheng ASN-216 Vertical Take-off and Landing UAV
Aisheng ASN-217 Electric Hand-Thrown Drone
ASN-218 UAV
ASN-219/219A “Magpie III” Long- Endurance Reconnaissance UAV
Aisheng ASN-229 Reconnaissance/Strike UCAV
ASN-301 Anti-Radiation Radar Loitering Munition Suicide Drone
Aisheng BZK-600 UCAV
Aisheng DCK-006 Reconnaissance UAV
Aisheng JWP02 Reconnaissance UAV
ASN C-31 VTOL UAV
Aisheng WZ-8 High-Speed, High-Altitude Reconnaissance Drone
AT200 Cargo Drone
AVIC Yun Ying “Cloud Shadow” HALE Reconnaissance/Strike
AVIC 601-S “Dark Sword” Air-to-Air UCAV
AVIC 601-S “Sky Crossbow” UCAV
AVIC 601-S “Warrior Eagle”
AVIC 601-S “Wind Blade” Drone
AVIC AW-4 “Shark II”
AVIC L-15 “Blue Fox” Target Drone
AVIC Short-Tailed Falcon Drone
AVIC “Sky Eye” Disposable Artillery Drone
AVIC TL-8 “Sky Dragon” Target Drone
AVIC “Whirlwind Scout” MAV
AVIC XLB “Patroller” UAV
AVIC YY-1 “Swift” MAV
BESTUAV SY-5 “Divine Eagle” 5 HALE UCAV
BIT “Falcon” Experimental Thrust-Vectoring UAV
BIT Gun-Launched UAV
Blowfish A2 Helicopter Drone
BMP LHK
BMP YZ-8 UAV
BUAA FH-1
BUAA Logistics Unmanned Cargo Aircraft
BZK-005 “Giant Eagle” MALE/HALE UCAV
CADI “Nimble Loong” MALE Short-Range UAV
CAIG “Sky Wing” I UAV
CAIG “Sky Wing III” HALE UAV
CAIG GJ-I UCAV
CAIG Wing Loong I “Pterodactyl I” MALE UCAV
CAIG Wing Loong II “Pterodactyl II” MALE UCAV
CASC CH-3 Fixed Wing UCAV
CASC CH-3A Reconnaissance/ Strike UCAV
CASC CH-4 Reconnaissance/Strike UCAV
CASC CH-5 “Rainbow 5” UCAV
CASC CH-91 Fixed-Wing Reconnaissance and Surveillance UAV
This is only A-C, so there are many, many more in the book.
CHINA SHIP RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION GUIDE
Additional Information
This handy pocket-size (6 by 9 inch) guide is based on the UNCLASSIFIED Oct 2019 Chart from the Office of Naval Intelligence. It contains a precise silhouette for ships operated by China People's Liberation Army, Navy, Naval Auxiliary, China Coast Guard, Maritime Militia, Maritime Transport and Border Defense, Maritime Safety Administration, China Rescue, and Other Chinese Government Organizations.
China Surface-to-Air Missile Systems
Additional Information
20 JULY 2020 Printed in COLOR. Photos and illustrations of China's air defense weaponry as well as specifications culled from open sources. We will update the book when more information becomes available. 4th Watch Publishing Co. is a SDVOSB (Vietnam era). Please send comments thru https://usgovpub.com
These are some of the systems included in this book:
DK-9 (霹雳-9; lit.: 'Thunderbolt-9')
DK-10 (LY-60) / DK-10 (PL-12) / DK-10A
DN-2 Dong Neng-2 (动能-2; 'Kinetic Energy 2')
DN-3 Dong Neng-3 (动能-3; 'Kinetic Energy 3')
FB-6 / FB-6C “Avenger” SAM
FB-10C (飛豹,‘Flying Leopard’)
FD-2000 / HQ-9 Long Range SAM
FJ ABM (反击Fan Ji) ‘Counter Strike’
FK-1000 Self-Propelled Anti-Air System (SPAAG/SAM)
FL-2000(V) (飛豹2000車載) ‘Flying Leopard’
FL-3000N CIWS (飞豹, 'Flying Leopard')
FLG-1 Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
FLS-1 Naval Surface-to-Air Missile System
FLV-1 Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
FM-3000 Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
FN/FY-6/FN-6A (飞弩-6; Fēi Nú-6) 'Flying Crossbow-6'
FN-16/FY-16 (飞弩-16; Fēi Nú-16)
FT-2000 Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
HN-5 (红缨-5; Hóng Yīng-5) 'Red Tassel-5'
HN-6 (红缨-6; Hóng Yīng-6) 'Red Tassel-6'
HQ-1 (红旗-1,Hóng Qí-1) SA-2 GUIDELINE
HQ-2 (红旗-2,Hóng Qí-2) SA-2 GUIDELINE
HQ-6 / HQ-6D (红旗-6,Hóng Qí-6) Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
HQ-7 / FM-90 (红旗-7,Hóng Qí-7) ‘Red Banner-7’
HQ-9 (红旗-9,Hóng Qí-9) ‘Red Banner-9’
HQ-10 (红旗-9,Hóng Qí-10) SA-20A GARGOYLE
HQ-12 (红旗-12,Hóng Qí-12) Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
HQ-15 (红旗-15,Hóng Qí-15) Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
HQ-16C (紅旗-16,Hóng Qí-16) SA-17 GRISSLY
HQ-17 (红旗-17,Hóng Qí-17) SA-15 GAUNTLET
HQ-18 (红旗-18,Hóng Qí-18) SA-12 GLADIATOR/ GIANT)
HQ-19 (红旗-19,Hóng Qí-19) S-300 SPSAM
HQ-22 (红旗-22,Hóng Qí-22) Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
HQ-26 (红旗-26,Hóng Qí-26)
HQ-29 (红旗-29.Hóng Qí-29) Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
HQ-61 (红旗-61,Hóng Qí-61) Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
HQ-64 (红旗-64,Hóng Qí-64) Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
KS-1A (凯山一号, Kai Shan-1) SA-2 GUIDELINE
KS-1000 (開山1000, Kai Shan-1000)
LS-II ADS (猎手, Lie Shou) “Hunter” II
LY-60 / FD-60 / PL10 Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
LY-80 (鹘,Lie Ying-80) "Falcon" Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
PL-12 (霹雳-12, Pī Lì-12) 'Thunderbolt-12'
QW Series Missiles
QW-1 (錢偉-1,Qian Wei-1) ‘Vanguard’
QW-2 (錢偉-2,Qian Wei-2) ‘Vanguard’
QW-2 Type 95 SPAAG/SAM
CQW-2 (车载先锋 Che-zai Qian Wei-2) ‘Vanguard’
QW-3 (錢偉-3,Qian Wei-3)
QW-4 (錢偉-4,Qian Wei-4)
QW-11 (錢偉-11,Qian Wei-11)
QW-18 (錢偉-18,Qian Wei-18)
S-75 Dvina (Desna/V-750) SA-2 GUIDELINE
S-300FM/S-300PM SA-10d/e GRUMBLE
S-400 SA-21 GROWLER
S-500 Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
SC-19 (FT-1 Feitian) Road-Mobile Emergency Satellite Launch System
Shengong-II (神弓-II,Deity Bow-II) Air Defense System
Sky Dragon 50 (Tianlong 12) Self-Propelled Surface-to-Air Missile System (SPSAM)
People's Liberation Army Rocket Force
People's Liberation Army Rocket Force
The People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF; 中国人民解放军火箭军) is the strategic
and tactical missile forces of the People's Republic of China. The PLARF was formerly the Second
Artillery Corps (SAC; 第二炮兵).
Rockets included:
Hypersonic Glide Vehicles (HGV)
DF-ZF Hypersonic Glide Vehicle
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM)
DF-41
DF-31A
DF-31AG / DF-31B
DF-4
DF-5
DF-5A
DF-5B
DF-5C
Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM)
DF-26
Medium-Range Ballistic Missiles (MRBM
DF-21A
DF-21C
DF-21D Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile
DF-16
DF-17
Short-Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBM)
DF-15A
DF-15B
DF-11A
DF-12
B-611M
CM-401 Hypersonic Anti-Ship Missile
Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM)9
CJ-10A Cruise Missile
DF-100 Hypersonic Cruise Missile (HCM)
The Art of (Informationized) War
Additional Information
This book is an attempt to look at 21st century warfare as if Sun Tzu
were alive today and guided by the concept of information dominance
(zhixinxiquan) in keeping with China’s grand strategy: winning without
fighting. “Informationized operations (信化战or xinxi hua zuozhan)”
add a dimension that Sun Tzu never anticipated, but much of the
thinking he demonstrated can be applied in a very practical sense to
modern conflicts. This is not just a discussion of hacking into an
adversary’s computer systems to determine capability and intent, but the
opponent’s ability to use information strategically to shape the battlespace
in a manner that increases the likelihood of victory with the least
risk of discovery. Mastery of “integrated network electronic warfare
(INEW)” is important because the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has
not engaged in a major conflict since 1979, and its combat experience in
high-tech war under informationized conditions is virtually nil.
China Combat Aircraft 2020-2025
Additional Information
The aircraft included here are claimed to be some of the most sophisticated military aircraft in
the world and should be taken very seriously by any adversary. I am listing the aircraft in
numerical order and include the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) designation if there
is one. I don’t know if all the aircraft are “real” or wishful thinking. What I do know is that just
because a person has a set of blueprints to make an exact replica of a particular aircraft doesn’t
mean that the aircraft will function in the same manner. Today’s aircraft are just as reliant on the software that operates the fly-by-wire controls as they are on the skill of the pilot. Even if a
person has the right materials (metallurgy being very important) and can machine the parts
properly, they still have to assemble and test the final product.
Bomber Aircraft
H-6 Jet Bomber/Transport/Air Refueling
H-20 Strategic Stealth Bomber
Fighter Aircraft
J-7 Jet Fighter NATO: Fishcan D
JH-7 Jet Fighter NATO: Flounder
J-8 Jet Fighter NATO: Finback C
J-10 Jet Multirole NATO: Firebird A
J-11 Jet Multirole NATO: Flanker L
J-14 Stealth Fighter Concept
J-15 Jet Multirole NATO: Flanker X2
L-15 Training/Light Attack Fighter “Falcon”
J-18 VSTOL Jet Fighter “Red Eagle”
J-20 Stealth Jet Fighter “Mighty Dragon/Firefang”
J-26 STOVL Jet Fighter
J-31 Stealth Jet Fighter “Gryfalcon”
Su-27 Jet Fighter NATO: Flanker
Su-30 Jet Multirole NATO: Flanker G
Su-35 Jet Multirole NATO: Flanker E/Super Flanker
Helicopters
SA 342L Transport Helicopter Aérospatiale “Gazelle”
Z-8 Attack Helicopter /Patrol
Z-9 Attack Helicopter NATO: Haitun
Z-18 Attack Helicopter
Z-19 Attack Helicopter
Ka-28 Attack Helicopter NATO: Helix-A
Mi-17 Transport Helicopter NATO: Hip
Chinese Osprey Transport Helicopter
Unmanned Aircraft
WZ-8 Rocket-powered, air-launched UAV
GJ-11 UAV “Sharp Sword”
CH-7 UAV “Rainbow-7”
China Surface Warships
Additional Information
Recently it was announced that China’s PLA Navy now has more ships (300) than the U.S. Navy
(287). This book covers the bulk of Beijing’s Navy including destroyers, frigates, and corvettes.
These categories have seen more growth since 2005 than any other. The rapid growth of ships in these categories is in keeping with the Military Strategy China released in 2015 which states,
“… the PLA Navy (PLAN) will gradually shift its focus from “offshore waters defense” to the
combination of “offshore waters defense” with “open seas protection,” and build a combined,
multi-functional and efficient marine combat force structure.” The launching of new ships is in
addition to retiring very old ships (pre-1990) and modernizing ships built after that.
This focus makes sense when you consider the strategy of creating defensive “rings” in the seas
around China. It’s kinda like the bar fight scene in the movie “A Bronx Tale” when the boss
locks the front door and says, “Now you’se can’t get out.” I suspect the plan will all come
together by the year 2025. Wait any longer than that and this new batch of ships will be out of
date.
U.S. Navy ships are larger, and the U.S. has more aircraft carriers – China has one active, one
being fitted out and 2 (or 3) being built. We added information on China’s aircraft carriers,
however there is very little out there. We will update this as we find out more.
Updated in late September to include transport ships (Type 071, 072, 073, 074 and 075). Also added the Type 22 Missile Boat since there are at least 83 of those. Nice littoral area boat, and the sheer numbers could overwhelm an opponent, but not very effective without good air defense. Check out the electromagnetic rail gun mounted on the Type 072III Transport Ship.
This book does not go into the ships of the PLA Navy Reserve Force, the People's Armed Police (PAP) or the China Militia (中国民). Those could be another book if there is enough interest). Let us know if we should print these by logging into our web site and sending a comment: USGOVPUB.COM
China Combat Submarines
Additional Information
We decided to publish this as a separate book since the submarine force is large and growing in significance. We tried to confirm the information from several sources, but there is a lot of disinformation out there so if you run across any anomalies, please let us know and we will make the necessary corrections.
The Science of Military Strategy
Additional Information
Science of Military Strategy - 2020
This is the most recent release of this seminal work. Translated to English language.
We include a Table of Contents on the back cover for quick reference. We print these paperbacks as a service so you don’t have to. The books are compact, tightly-bound paperback, full-size (8 ½ by 11 inches), with large text and glossy cover. 4th Watch Publishing Co. is a SDVOSB. Below is an excerpt.
Chapter 8. 战略威慑 (Strategic Deterrence)
Strategic deterrence is an important part of military strategic planning and guidance, and an effective means of maintaining national security and development. With the high technology in the military and the extensive use of new domains and the development and changes of the international strategic situation, the role of strategic deterrence has become increasingly prominent. Under the conditions of the new era, it is necessary to commit to flexible use of strategic deterrence means to create a favorable strategic situation, contain armed conflicts and wars, delay the outbreak of wars, and prevent the escalation and expansion of wars, avoiding or reducing the destruction of war and safeguard the ever-expanding national security and development interests.
Section One: Basic Concepts of Strategic Deterrence
Although the thought and practice of strategic deterrence has existed since ancient times, its basic concept has not been accurately defined in the long historical process of human endeavors. After the Second World War, with the emergence and development of modern strategic deterrence theory, the definition, elements, types and functions of strategic deterrence have been obtained, researched extensively and in great depth.
The meaning of strategic deterrence
Strategic deterrence refers to the comprehensive use of various means by the country and the military to achieve certain political goals, based on strong military strength, through clever demonstration of strength and determination to use strength so that the other party faces unreasonable or even unbearable consequences, thus being forced to give in, compromise or surrender a form of military struggle.
Compared with actual combat, the strength of strategic deterrence is lower, the cost is lower, and the room for maneuver is larger. Under certain conditions, it can directly achieve political goals. It is an important way to fight for military affairs and a strategic means to maintain national security. Strategic deterrence can be implemented both in peacetime and in times of crisis or war.
Strategic deterrence targets the opponent’s psychological, cognitive and decision-making systems, and its mechanism of action is to make the opponent realize that certain measures should be taken when weighing the benefits and losses to show that such action would entail significant costs and losses, beyond its capacity and benefits. The greater the loss and cost are foreseen by the other party, the greater the power of reasoning, cognition, and decision-making, and the more effective deterrence will be.
Effective strategic deterrence must possess three basic elements: strength, determination and information transfer. Strength is the foundation of deterrence, and deterrence without strength can only be seen as bluff. Power is divided into hard power and soft power. Hard power includes national literacy, population, economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and military strength. The hard power facts are its main body and core. Soft power mainly includes political influence, diplomatic ability, cultural attraction and national cohesion, and amplifies the role of hard power. Determination plays an important role in the success of deterrence. Lack of determination can lead
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The 2020 version provides additional context to the 2013 document and should further clarify some of the meaning. Printed full size (8 1/2 by 11 inches) with large text.
The Science of Campaigns
Additional Information
This is the complete translation of "The Science of Campaigns" [战役学], 2nd ed., Beijing:
National Defense University [国防大学出版社], 2006. I have not been able to find an English
language copy so I decided to undertake to translate it into English myself. I am not a scholar of
the Chinese language, but hopefully you will excuse my illiteracy. I believe the translation is
faithful to the original however, I have taken some poetic license in order to help the readability.
I decided to limit the translated text on any given page in the original text to the same numbered page in this book. So, if you are unsure of the meaning of some of my edits – and, you happen to be a Chinese scholar – you will know what page number to look for in the original Chinese edition.
This is a 2-Volume book. Find both volumes on Amazon.com, as well as the ePub.
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This is one of the most authoritative publicly available sources on Chinese military thinking about the campaign level of warfare. Printed full size (8 1/2 by 11 inches) with large text.